①時制の一致
◎間接話法では、主節の動詞が過去形ならば、従属節は時制の一致に気をつけましょう。
● I said,“This apple is delicious.”〔直〕
→ I said (that) this apple was delicious.〔間〕
※仮定法を用いた文の場合、時制の一致の例外となります。
● I said,“I feel as if I were strong.”〔直〕
→ I said (that) I felt as if I were strong.〔間〕
（まるで強く感じる、と私は言った。）
※不変の真理や現在の習慣、歴史上の事実などの場合も、時制の一致の例外となります。
● He said,“Time is money.”〔直〕
→ He said (that) time is money.〔間〕
（時は金なり、と彼は言った。）
②動詞の変換
◎肯定文で、say, says, said の後ろに「to+人」が記されていない場合、動詞はそのままです。
● He said,“It is a beautiful day.”〔直〕
→ He said (that) it was a beautiful day.〔間〕
（いい天気ですね、と彼は言った。）
◎肯定文で、say, says, said の後ろに「to+人」がある場合、動詞は tell, tells, told にしましょう。
● He said to me,“It is a beautiful day.”〔直〕
→ He told me (that) it was a beautiful day.〔間〕
（いい天気ですね、と彼は私に言った。）
※tell+IO(人)+DO(物) の第4文型となります。
③代名詞の人称変換
◎代名詞は、話し手から見た人称に変換します。
● She said to me,“I will lend you some books.”〔直〕
→ She told me (that) she would lend me some books.〔間〕
（本を何冊か私に貸すつもりだ、と彼女は私に言った。）
④時・場所を表す副詞と指示代名詞の変換
◎時・場所を表す副詞は、話し手から見た相対的な時や場所に変換します。
● She said,“I'm going to meet Jim here tomorrow.”〔直〕
→ She said (that) she was going to meet Jim there the next day.〔間〕
（次の日にそこでジムに会う予定だ、と彼女は言った。）
※here → there, tomorrow → the next day, the following day など、会話時の「特定の場所」や「特定の時」は、間接話法では変換します。
◎指示代名詞(this, these)は、話し手から見た相対的な that, thoseに変換します。
● He said,“I has read this book three times.”〔直〕
→ He said (that) he had read that book three times.〔間〕
（その本は3回読んだことがある、と彼は言った。）
疑問文の間接話法
疑問詞で始まる疑問文
伝達動詞をsay → ask に変え、疑問詞を使用します。
● Tom said to me,“What are you reading now?”〔直〕
→ Tom asked me what I was reading then .〔間〕
（その時何を読んでいるのかと、トムは私に尋ねた。）
※疑問詞以下は、疑問詞＋主語(S)+動詞(V)の語順になります。
● I said to him,“Where did you go yesterday?”〔直〕
→ I asked him where he had gone the previous day .〔間〕
（前の日はどこに行ってたのと、私は彼に尋ねた。）
● Mother said to us,“Who broke this vase today?”〔直〕
→ Mother asked us who had broke that vase that day .〔間〕
（その日誰がその花瓶を壊したのかと、母は私たちに尋ねた。）
※who のように疑問詞が主語になる場合は、疑問詞(S)＋動詞(V)の語順になります。
疑問詞のない疑問文
伝達動詞をsay → ask に変え、被伝達部以下を if [whether] +S+V (SがVかどうか)の形にします。
● She said to me,“Was the movie interesting?”〔直〕
→ She asked me if the movie had been interesting.〔間〕
（その映画は面白かったか、と彼女は私に尋ねた。）
※if は、「～かどうかを」という意味です。
● He said to me,“Did you stay here last summer?”〔直〕
→ He asked me if I had stayed there the previous summer.〔間〕
（その前の夏にそこへ滞在したか、と彼は私に尋ねた。）
※say to oneself「心の中で思う」というように自問自答する場合は、伝達動詞をwonder にしましょう。
● She said to herself,“Can I get good marks in the test?”〔直〕
→ She wondered if she could get good marks in the test.〔間〕
（そのテストでいい点が取れるだろうか、と彼女は思った。）
命令文の間接話法
命令
◎say＋to 人＋“被伝達部” → tell＋人＋to do~ 「人に～するように言う」と変えます。
● The Secretary General said to us,“Get along with everybody now.”〔直〕
→ The Secretary General told us to get along with everybody then.〔間〕
（その時事務総長は、みんな仲良くするように言った。）
● The general said to the men,“Launch a rocket next Monday.”〔直〕
→ The general commanded the men to launch a rocket the next Monday.〔間〕
（次の月曜にロケットを発射せよ、と将軍は部下に指令を出した。）
※命令色が強い場合、order, command などに変化させます。
◎否定の命令文の場合、say＋to 人＋“Don't~ .” → tell＋人＋not to do~ に変えます。
● The president said to us,“Don't listen to him.”〔直〕
→ The president told us not to listen to him.〔間〕
（彼の話を聞くな、と大統領は私たちに言った。）
依頼
直接話法の被伝達部が、please~, Will you~? という依頼文となっている場合 → ask＋人＋to do~ 「人に～するように依頼する(頼む)」と変えます。
● He said to his father,“Please help me.”〔直〕
→ He asked his father to help him.〔間〕
（助けてくれるように、彼は父親に頼んだ。）
※ask のかわりに、beg「頼む」を使うこともできます。
忠 告
直接話法の被伝達部が、忠告を表す場合 → advise ＋人＋to do~ 「人に～するように忠告する」と変えます。
● His father said to him,“Don't spend much money on your toys.”〔直〕
→ His father advised him not to spend much money on his toys.〔間〕
（おもちゃにあまりお金をかけるなよ、と父親は彼に忠告した。）
※警告する場合には、advise の代わりに warn を用います。
提 案
直接話法の被伝達部が、Let's~ などの提案を表す場合 → suggest [propose] ＋(to 人)＋that S+V~ 「人に～するように提案する」と変えます。
● His brother said to us,“Let's help him resolve many difficulties.”〔直〕
→ His brother suggested that we (should) help him resolve many difficulties.〔間〕
（彼が多くの困難を解決できるよう手助けしよう、と兄弟は私たちに提案した。）
※suggest to 人 that S +(should)原形~ 〔提案・要求の動詞＋that節〕他の動詞では、propose, insist, order, demand などがこの形です。→仮定法現在を参照
※例文を次のような不定詞形にすることは不可です。→ XXXX suggest me to do~
以下省略
感嘆文の間接話法
祈願文の間接話法
重文の間接話法
複文の間接話法
命令文＋and [or] S+V~
複数の文の間接話法
話法の問題演習
A.直接話法と間接話法の書き換えになるように、( )内に適切な語を入れましょう。
(1) She said to me,“I will go shopping.”
She ( told ) me that ( she )( would ) go shopping.
(2) Mother said to me,“Clean your room.”
Mother (X ask TOLD ) me ( to ) clean ( my ) room.
命令◎say＋to 人＋“被伝達部” → tell＋人＋to do~ 「人に～するように言う」と変えます。
(3) Our teacher said to us,“Don't be late for school.”
Our teacher told us ( not )( to ) be late for school.
(4) He said to me,“Please open the door.”
He ( asked ) me ( to )( open ) the door.
被伝達文でPlease~があれば、動詞は、ask＋人＋to do~
(5) He said to us,“Let's go for a walk.”
He ( suggest ) to us that we ( go ) for a walk.
被伝達文でLet's~があれば、動詞は、suggest, propose「提案する」を用います。that節中では、仮定法現在の(should)＋原形
(6) She said to him,“How did you come here?”
She asked him how ( he )( had )( come )( there ).
(7) He said to her,“Did you call me yesterday?”
He asked her ( if ) she ( had )( called ) him (the )( previous )( day ).
(8) She said,“How happy I am!”
She said ( with ) joy that she ( was )( very ) happy.
(9) Our leader said,“Two members are tired and we have to take a rest.”
Our leader said that two members ( were ) tired and (that ) we had to take a rest.
重文の間接話法です。被伝達文の重文が続く場合、and, but の後はthatでつなぎます。
(10) He said to me,“Study hard, and you will pass the exam.”
He told me (if)( I ) studied hard ( I )( Would) pass the exam.
命令文＋and~の話法は、まずifS+V~に直して間接話法に
B.直接話法と間接話法の書き換えになるように、( )内に適切な語を入れましょう。
(1) She said to Tonny,“I want to see you next week.”
She told Tonny that ( Tonny )( wanted ) to see him ( the ) next week.
(2) Father said to me,“The earth goes around the sun.”
Father told me that the earth ( goes ) around the sun.
(3) She said to him,“Did you do your homework yesterday ?”
She asked him ( if )( he )( had )( done ) his homework the day before.
(4) He said to me,“Don't smoke here, please.”
He ( X told asked ) me ( not )( to ) smoke ( there ).
(5) Father said to me yesterday,“My friend will come to our house tomorrow.”
Father told me yesterday that ( his ) friend ( would ) come to our house ( today ) .
(6) She said,“May he be alive !”
She ( prayed ) that he ( might )( be ) alive.
(7) Mother said to me,“I'm going shopping. Will you go with me ?”
Mother ( told ) me that ( she )( was ) going shopping and ( asked ) me ( if ) I ( Xwent would ) go with her.
C.間接話法が直接話法となるように、( )内に適切な語を入れましょう。
(1) He told me not to tell a lie.
He ( ) to me,“( )( ) a lie.”
(2) She exclaimed how careless she had been.
She said,“( ) careless ( )( ) !”
(3) The policeman greeted him and asked what he was doing then.
The policeman said to him,“( )! What ( )( ) doing ( ) ?”
